Class Info ·Professor Nicosia’s husband coming in next week ·Midterm quickly approaching oMonday the 19th oIn Class essay oCumulative §Gilgamesh, Hero’s journey, Tragedy, Genesis, the Iliad oCite incidents, no quotes necessarily oNo multiple choice oNo questions from “left field” oComparing texts on test oWe will review oProfessor won’t be here Wednesday Poll ·Achilles = Hero today – 69% oVirtually invincible? oKill people? §Impulse and rage issues oHas interactions with the Gods
The Iliad Think about:
1)The role of women
2)The two heroes: Hector and Achilles and their qualities
3)How does Homer force you to sympathize?
-Achilles is considered a “massive” hero in his time -What makes him such a hero? §Best warrior, strategist §Has arsenal of weapons §Status
-Achilles’ mother is Thetis, a sea Goddess -“2nd tier God”
-His father is Poseidon
-His mother lends a noble aspect to him. -Has “Achilles heel”
-Dunked into River Styx -Either burned or become invincible when dunked
-The Iliad starts en media res -“in the middle of things”
-The story doesn’t give the beginning of the war, only the last year and the last weeks in particular
-Paris had to judge most beautiful Goddess -In this situation, Paris is screwed regardless of whom he chooses
-Got the Gods angry, became a target of them -Gets sympathy
-Human relationships between Gods and people -Conspiracies to overthrow other Gods -Humans are used as pawns
-Paris stole away Helen of Troy, as she was the most beautiful woman on Earth -”face that could launch a thousand ships” à literal
-Agamemnon- Helen’s brother-in-law -Wants to rescue Helen
-Also wanted to conquer “unconquerable city” of Troy
Kleos- glory
Is Jimmy okay? It is then determined that Jimmy is not okay. Jimmy leaves the classroom. Kleos- glory, fame, and ongoing legacy
-To be a hero you must search for Kleos to be remembered (needed to be eternally heroic.
Menelaus and Agamemnon = bros
Menelaus is married to Helen
Paris is the Trojan prince, he steals Helen
-Some versions portray Helen as willing, others have her develop and become lovers
-Paris- young prince, Hector’s brother
-Menelaus wants his wife back, so Agamemnon fights Troy with the largest army ever assembled. -Odysseus is in the army, as is Achilles (he is a demigod) -Attack Troy; said to be “indomitable” -Achilles only assists Agamemnon for Kleos, and to support his own hubris. Timê- timê is similar to kleos, however timê is respect while kleos is fame
-Can have timê without kleos, can have kleos without timê
-Achilles only in war for everlasting fame
-Agamemnon wants kleos for glory of the battle
-Hector is a powerful figure
First Stanza ·Multiple translations oWord choice in certain translations ·Version one is in our textbook oLearn about setting, background, context §Predominant conflict between Agamemnon and Achilles §Many Greeks are dying ·Other people die in search of these men’s kleos §Clash of emotions, statuses of men §Achilles is godly hero, Agamemnon is worldly hero ·Men don’t just die à burying of the bodies is not done, this breaks burial rituals oGreat chain of being extends from God to earth and vice versa ·Bodies left to rot and be picked on by dogs and birds oGreeks believe in baths, oiling, rituals, and burning bodies of dead
ØZeus’ will à Zeus supports or at least allows these events to happen oConspiracy in background oAs a reader must question: §Gods have very conflicted relationships “Explain relationships between humans and Gods, and the Gods themselves. Compare texts” ØGilgamesh = Polytheistic, Bible = monotheistic ØIliad- Gods are more powerful and work together oCreate alliances and make deals oHierarchical relationships in Greek mythology oZeus is the “head honcho,” and there is more order/ordered chaos because of this hierarchy ØWhy would Zeus allow these events to transpire? ØGods not as divine as in the Hebrew Bible oFall victim to human traits ØGods are not completely powerful because they do not control the Fates oAchilles fated to die young; he can postpone his death, but it is inevitable oGiven choice: live forever and not achieve kleos, or fight in Trojan war and die young
vFirst stanza gives understanding of constituent relationships oGodly interference Version 2 -A. Rage… towards its end. Version 3 -B. Sing, goddess… accomplished. vIn book- Rage followed by “sing” oRage = negative, sing = positive vSing means to express in Greek oInvocation to the muse oMuse is who sings/tells story oTellers would “oh sing oh muse, inspire me” before telling stories oTeller make invocation, Gods intervene and inspire, teller expire into the audience vInstead of “muse” this version uses “goddess” oJuxtaposition of words oJuxtaposition is when ideas/words that don’t sound or belong together, but really do belong together in this case vMurder + Doom à is war murder or self defense? oPremeditated planning = murder oAgamemnon planning to get Helen, does this make it murder? vMurder by today’s standards but in these times it is not because they are searching for Kleos vNeed to get Greek perspective oNot murder; it is for honor and timê vRage and anger? oRage is uncontrollable §Anger “to the nth degree” vVersion B is softer than version A o“Delicate feasting” rather than carrion – rotten flesh for beasts o“Delicate” giving of the bodies vZeus’ will is “accomplished” rather than “moving towards an end” oIn A battle is Zeus’ will, while in B it is the killing vMany versions of these stories oTextual analysis is ideal to understand meanings behind the text vGods in Greek version can change their minds oOfferings gifts à Gods can be persuaded oEven Gods are set to standard of the Fates §Are the Fates the most powerful then?
·In Book I à 2 great heroes searching for kleos and timê ·Conquered towns and picked “prizes” ·Agamemnon has priests daughter oDoesn’t give woman back to crisis and crisis kills many ·Achilles chastises Agamemnon oAgamemnon steals Achilles’ prize/”booty” ·Women were property and richer women went to people of higher standing -Bresiustaken by Agamemnon oTake away Achilles’ prize oHurt pride, Achilles sulks and goes to his mom oAchilles refuses to fight war §Calls Agamemnon an “idiot” and treats him as an inferior
· Professor Nicosia’s husband coming in next week
· Midterm quickly approaching
o Monday the 19th
o In Class essay
o Cumulative
§ Gilgamesh, Hero’s journey, Tragedy, Genesis, the Iliad
o Cite incidents, no quotes necessarily
o No multiple choice
o No questions from “left field”
o Comparing texts on test
o We will review
o Professor won’t be here Wednesday
Poll
· Achilles = Hero today – 69%
o Virtually invincible?
o Kill people?
§ Impulse and rage issues
o Has interactions with the Gods
The Iliad
Think about:
1) The role of women
2) The two heroes: Hector and Achilles and their qualities
3) How does Homer force you to sympathize?
-Achilles is considered a “massive” hero in his time
-What makes him such a hero?
§ Best warrior, strategist
§ Has arsenal of weapons
§ Status
-Achilles’ mother is Thetis, a sea Goddess
-“2nd tier God”
-His father is Poseidon
-His mother lends a noble aspect to him.
-Has “Achilles heel”
-Dunked into River Styx
-Either burned or become invincible when dunked
-The Iliad starts en media res
-“in the middle of things”
-The story doesn’t give the beginning of the war, only the last year and the last weeks in particular
-Paris had to judge most beautiful Goddess
-In this situation, Paris is screwed regardless of whom he chooses
-Got the Gods angry, became a target of them
-Gets sympathy
-Human relationships between Gods and people
-Conspiracies to overthrow other Gods
-Humans are used as pawns
-Paris stole away Helen of Troy, as she was the most beautiful woman on Earth
-”face that could launch a thousand ships” à literal
-Agamemnon- Helen’s brother-in-law
-Wants to rescue Helen
-Also wanted to conquer “unconquerable city” of Troy
Kleos- glory
Is Jimmy okay?
It is then determined that Jimmy is not okay. Jimmy leaves the classroom.
Kleos- glory, fame, and ongoing legacy
-To be a hero you must search for Kleos to be remembered (needed to be eternally heroic.
Menelaus and Agamemnon = bros
Menelaus is married to Helen
Paris is the Trojan prince, he steals Helen
-Some versions portray Helen as willing, others have her develop and become lovers
-Paris- young prince, Hector’s brother
-Menelaus wants his wife back, so Agamemnon fights Troy with the largest army ever assembled.
-Odysseus is in the army, as is Achilles (he is a demigod)
-Attack Troy; said to be “indomitable”
-Achilles only assists Agamemnon for Kleos, and to support his own hubris.
Timê- timê is similar to kleos, however timê is respect while kleos is fame
-Can have timê without kleos, can have kleos without timê
-Achilles only in war for everlasting fame
-Agamemnon wants kleos for glory of the battle
-Hector is a powerful figure
First Stanza
· Multiple translations
o Word choice in certain translations
· Version one is in our textbook
o Learn about setting, background, context
§ Predominant conflict between Agamemnon and Achilles
§ Many Greeks are dying
· Other people die in search of these men’s kleos
§ Clash of emotions, statuses of men
§ Achilles is godly hero, Agamemnon is worldly hero
· Men don’t just die à burying of the bodies is not done, this breaks burial rituals
o Great chain of being extends from God to earth and vice versa
· Bodies left to rot and be picked on by dogs and birds
o Greeks believe in baths, oiling, rituals, and burning bodies of dead
Ø Zeus’ will à Zeus supports or at least allows these events to happen
o Conspiracy in background
o As a reader must question:
§ Gods have very conflicted relationships
“Explain relationships between humans and Gods, and the Gods themselves. Compare texts”
Ø Gilgamesh = Polytheistic, Bible = monotheistic
Ø Iliad- Gods are more powerful and work together
o Create alliances and make deals
o Hierarchical relationships in Greek mythology
o Zeus is the “head honcho,” and there is more order/ordered chaos because of this hierarchy
Ø Why would Zeus allow these events to transpire?
Ø Gods not as divine as in the Hebrew Bible
o Fall victim to human traits
Ø Gods are not completely powerful because they do not control the Fates
o Achilles fated to die young; he can postpone his death, but it is inevitable
o Given choice: live forever and not achieve kleos, or fight in Trojan war and die young
v First stanza gives understanding of constituent relationships
o Godly interference
Version 2
-A. Rage… towards its end.
Version 3
-B. Sing, goddess… accomplished.
v In book- Rage followed by “sing”
o Rage = negative, sing = positive
v Sing means to express in Greek
o Invocation to the muse
o Muse is who sings/tells story
o Tellers would “oh sing oh muse, inspire me” before telling stories
o Teller make invocation, Gods intervene and inspire, teller expire into the audience
v Instead of “muse” this version uses “goddess”
o Juxtaposition of words
o Juxtaposition is when ideas/words that don’t sound or belong together, but really do belong together in this case
v Murder + Doom à is war murder or self defense?
o Premeditated planning = murder
o Agamemnon planning to get Helen, does this make it murder?
v Murder by today’s standards but in these times it is not because they are searching for Kleos
v Need to get Greek perspective
o Not murder; it is for honor and timê
v Rage and anger?
o Rage is uncontrollable
§ Anger “to the nth degree”
v Version B is softer than version A
o “Delicate feasting” rather than carrion – rotten flesh for beasts
o “Delicate” giving of the bodies
v Zeus’ will is “accomplished” rather than “moving towards an end”
o In A battle is Zeus’ will, while in B it is the killing
v Many versions of these stories
o Textual analysis is ideal to understand meanings behind the text
v Gods in Greek version can change their minds
o Offerings gifts à Gods can be persuaded
o Even Gods are set to standard of the Fates
§ Are the Fates the most powerful then?
· In Book I à 2 great heroes searching for kleos and timê
· Conquered towns and picked “prizes”
· Agamemnon has priests daughter
o Doesn’t give woman back to crisis and crisis kills many
· Achilles chastises Agamemnon
o Agamemnon steals Achilles’ prize/”booty”
· Women were property and richer women went to people of higher standing
-Bresius taken by Agamemnon
o Take away Achilles’ prize
o Hurt pride, Achilles sulks and goes to his mom
o Achilles refuses to fight war
§ Calls Agamemnon an “idiot” and treats him as an inferior